PCH 4 Cases, Form Factors, and Power Supplies(外殼，外形尺寸和電源)(P.37~P.41) <<
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Computer Cases 電腦機箱 (P.38)
Learning Objectives 學習目標
• Describe common computer case designs and features.
描述常見的計算機機箱設計和功能。
• Describe common motherboard form factors and suitable cases for each.
描述常見的主板外形尺寸和適用的機箱。
In this lesson, we are going to cover the various cases available for computers, several form factors or layouts of the motherboards, and the different types of power supplies that we use to provide direct current (DC) to the computer’s components.
在本課程中，我們將介紹計算機可用的各種情況，主板的幾種外形尺寸或佈局以及用於為計算機組件提供直流（DC）的不同類型的電源。
From the outside, almost all computers looked the same for a long time, but contemporary systems have really changed the size and shape of the cases available. The most common cases are mid-size or mini-towers, while some people, mostly gamers, still like full-sized towers. Some cases are made in a small form factor (SFF) to be easily carried for portability or to match an entertainment system like a DVD player in size. Servers are often contained in very long and narrow cases that usually range in size from one unit tall (a few inches) to two units tall (about 6-8 inches). Each of these cases provide us with a distinct layout of the motherboard they will accept. This layout is called a form factor. Larger case sizes allow for additional devices (such as hard disk drives and optical drives). The type of case will depend on the customer’s needs.
從外部看，幾乎所有計算機在很長一段時間內看起來都是一樣的，但是現代系統確實改變了可用機箱的大小和形狀。 最常見的情況是中型或小型塔，而有些人（大多是遊戲玩家）仍然喜歡全尺寸塔。 某些情況下，它們採用小巧的外形（SFF）製成，以便攜帶方便或與DVD播放器等娛樂系統相匹配。 服務器通常裝在非常狹長的情況下，大小通常從一個單位高（幾英寸）到兩個單位高（約6-8英寸）不等。 這些情況中的每一種都為我們提供了可接受的主板佈局。 此佈局稱為形狀因數。 較大的機箱尺寸允許使用其他設備（例如硬盤驅動器和光盤驅動器）。 案例的類型將取決於客戶的需求。
Motherboards and Processors 主板和處理器
Form Factor 構成因素
The size and arrangement of the motherboard is described as the form factor. The ATX form factor is one of the most widely used form factors in contemporary computers. It has been in use since the 1990s. The ATX form factor contains a rear port cluster for its integrated ports (audio, video, sound, network, etc.). The expansion slots run parallel to the short side of the board, and the cases have a left-side case opening to support easily adding expansion cards.
母板的尺寸和排列方式描述為外形尺寸。 ATX規格是現代計算機中使用最廣泛的規格之一。 自1990年代以來一直在使用。 ATX外形尺寸包含一個用於集成端口（音頻，視頻，聲音，網絡等）的後端口群集。 擴展插槽平行於電路板的短邊，並且機箱的左側殼體開口可輕鬆添加擴展卡。
ATX form factor motherboard. ATX尺寸主板。
The mini-ATX form factor is smaller in size than the ATX form factor, but still contains many of the ATX features, such as a rear port cluster for its integrated ports (audio, video, sound, network, etc.). The expansion slots run parallel to the short side of the board, and the cases have a left-side case opening to support easily adding expansion cards.
微型ATX尺寸比ATX尺寸小，但仍包含許多ATX功能，例如用於集成端口（音頻，視頻，聲音，網絡等）的後部端口集群。 擴展插槽平行於電路板的短邊，並且機箱的左側殼體開口可輕鬆添加擴展卡。
As shown in the table below, there are many variations of the ATX form factor, with the main difference being the physical size of the board and the number of expansion slots. Bigger boards allow for additional expansion slots, but require a larger tower.
如下表所示，ATX尺寸因數而異，主要區別在於主板的物理尺寸和擴展插槽的數量。 更大的板可提供額外的擴展插槽，但需要更大的塔架。
The ITX form factor was created in 2001. The ITX form factor itself was not very popular, but a variant called the mini-ITX became quite popular, since it also fit into ATX-style cases. It also contains a rear port cluster for its integrated ports (audio, video, sound, network, etc.). The expansion slots run parallel to the short side of the board, and the cases have a left-side case opening to support easily adding expansion cards, just like the ATX boards. Smaller variations, called pico-ITX and nano-ITX, are often used in computing appliances such as smart televisions, Internet-connected set-top devices designed to integrate with TV sets, and others.
ITX尺寸規格創建於2001年。ITX尺寸規格本身並不十分流行，但是一個名為mini-ITX的變體就變得非常流行，因為它也適用於ATX風格的機殼。 它還為集成端口（音頻，視頻，聲音，網絡等）包含一個後部端口集群。 擴展插槽平行於板子的短邊延伸，並且外殼具有左側的外殼開口，以支持輕鬆添加擴展卡，就像ATX板一樣。 較小的變體，稱為pico-ITX和nano-ITX，通常用於計算設備中，例如智能電視，旨在與電視機集成的互聯網連接的機頂盒設備等。
Small form factor motherboard. 小型主板。
I/O Ports (I / O端口)
Rear port clusters provide an area of the motherboard dedicated to input and output ports, which are integrated into the motherboard’s circuitry. This allows the motherboard manufacturer to provide onboard services for things like USB, Ethernet, audio, mouse/keyboard ports, eSATA, and more. Older motherboards provided legacy connections, such as serial COM (communication) ports, parallel LPT (line print terminal) ports, and game ports.
後部端口集群為主板提供了專用於輸入和輸出端口的區域，這些區域已集成到主板的電路中。 這使主板製造商可以為USB，以太網，音頻，鼠標/鍵盤端口，eSATA等提供板載服務。 較舊的主板提供了舊式連接，例如串行COM（通信）端口，並行LPT（行式打印終端）端口和遊戲端口。
Ports in a motherboard port cluster. 主板端口集群中的端口。
PCH 4 Cases, Form Factors, and Power Supplies(外殼，外形尺寸和電源)(P.37~P.41) <<
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